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 Glossary

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Up to date. These ministers come directly from the official Cabinet page on pm.gc.ca, scraped live — not a hand-maintained list.

185 federal bills

Every bill summarized in plain language. Not clear enough? Ask for an explanation.
All statusesIn progressDefeatedAssented to
House of CommonsSenateLobbying 43
S-227 An Act respecting Arab Heritage Month Assented to ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Designates April as "Arab Heritage Month" across Canada, every year.
  • Sets out a very short law, to be known by the short title Arab Heritage Month Act.
  • Notes that the first people of Arab origin arrived in Canada in 1882, in the early years after Confederation.
  • States that the Arab Canadian population has since grown to more than one million people.
  • Recognizes the contributions of Arab Canadians to the country's social, economic and political life.
  • Highlights their cultural contributions, including in literature, music, food and fashion.
  • Is purely symbolic: it creates no funding, no holiday and no new obligations.
  • Introduced in the Senate by Senator Al Zaibak, with first reading on June 5, 2025.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

S-250 An Act to amend the Department of Justice Act ISG In progress ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Requires the Minister of Justice to table, for every government bill, a statement on the bill's potential effects on Indigenous Peoples' rights recognized and affirmed by section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982.
  • Adds this to the existing requirement that each government bill come with a statement on its potential effects on Canadian Charter rights and freedoms.
  • Requires the statement to also say whether the bill is consistent with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
  • Obliges the statement, when effects on Indigenous rights are identified, to include a detailed summary of consultations held with the affected Indigenous Peoples — or a note that none took place.
  • Defines "Indigenous peoples" using subsection 35(2) of the Constitution Act, 1982, covering First Nations, Inuit and Métis.
  • Specifies the statement must be tabled in the chamber where the bill is introduced, whether the Senate or the House of Commons.
  • States in the preamble that tabling such a statement does not release the government from its duty to consult Indigenous Peoples.
  • Sets the coming into force at one year after royal assent and gives the law the short title Indigenous Rights Statement Act.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

C-9 An Act to amend the Criminal Code (hate propaganda, hate crime and access to religious or cultural places) 37 LPC Assented to ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Creates an offence for publicly displaying symbols mainly linked to a listed terrorist entity, the Nazi swastika or the SS bolts, where the display wilfully promotes hatred against an identifiable group.
  • Sets the penalty for that offence at up to 2 years in prison on indictment, or prosecution by summary conviction.
  • Provides defences for displays with a legitimate journalistic, religious, educational or artistic purpose, or made in good faith to expose hatred so it can be removed.
  • Creates a stand-alone hate crime offence when any other federal offence is motivated by hatred based on factors such as race, religion, sex, age, disability, sexual orientation or gender identity, with maximum sentences from 5 years up to life depending on the underlying offence.
  • Defines hatred as detestation or vilification stronger than disdain or dislike, and clarifies that merely discrediting, humiliating, hurting or offending does not qualify.
  • Creates two offences protecting access to places of worship, cemeteries, schools, daycares, seniors' residences and community spaces: intimidating someone to block their access, or intentionally obstructing it, punishable by up to 10 years in prison.
  • Clarifies that simply approaching such a place only to obtain or share information is not an offence.
  • Removes the requirement for the Attorney General's consent to prosecute hate propaganda offences, with the Act taking effect 30 days after royal assent.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

C-11 An Act to amend the National Defence Act and other Acts LPC Assented to ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Removes courts martial and military investigators from handling Criminal Code sexual offences alleged to have happened in Canada, leaving them to civilian authorities.
  • Still allows military members to make arrests, secure evidence and prevent an offence, but requires them to hand the person and evidence over to civilian police as soon as possible.
  • Shifts appointment of the Provost Marshal (renamed Provost Marshal General, rank of at least brigadier-general) and the Director of Military Prosecutions to the Governor in Council to strengthen their independence.
  • Sets the Director of Military Prosecutions' term at up to seven years, non-renewable, and creates a formal inquiry by a superior court judge before any discipline, suspension without pay or removal.
  • States clearly that the Judge Advocate General must respect the independence of military justice authorities.
  • Opens military judge appointments to non-commissioned members with at least 10 years at the bar, and bars military judges from conducting or facing summary hearings.
  • Lets someone acting on a victim's behalf request a liaison officer, and requires victims and witnesses to be told about publication bans and their right to change or lift them.
  • Aligns sex offender registry and publication ban rules with the Criminal Code and gives superior courts the power to hear exemption and variation applications for registry orders made under the National Defence Act.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

C-16 An Act to amend certain Acts in relation to criminal and correctional matters (child protection, gender-based violence, delays and other measures) 39 LPC Assented to ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Creates a new offence for engaging in a pattern of coercive or controlling behaviour toward an intimate partner.
  • Makes murder first-degree murder — called femicide when the victim is female — when it happens in a context of coercive control, sexual violence, human trafficking, or when it is motivated by hate.
  • Requires courts to consider a life sentence for manslaughter in those same circumstances, with adult offenders ineligible for parole for 10 to 25 years.
  • Changes criminal harassment so prosecutors no longer must prove the victim personally felt afraid, only that the conduct could reasonably make someone believe safety was threatened.
  • Expands the non-consensual intimate image offence to cover fabricated images likely to be mistaken for real recordings of the person, and criminalizes distributing depictions of bestiality.
  • Creates an offence of recruiting someone under 18 to take part in a crime, punishable by up to 5 years in prison.
  • Lets judges impose a sentence below a mandatory minimum, but only where that minimum would be cruel and unusual punishment for that particular offender.
  • Sets rules on trial delays, requiring courts to weigh listed factors before staying proceedings, and creates a framework for alternative measures and restorative justice.
  • Bars a firearms licence where the chief firearms officer has reasonable grounds to suspect domestic violence or stalking, and strengthens victims' rights to receive information.
  • Comes into force on the 30th day after royal assent, with a review to be conducted by the Senate and the House of Commons.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

C-20 An Act respecting the establishment of Build Canada Homes 7 LPC Assented to ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Creates Build Canada Homes, a federal Crown corporation tasked with expanding the supply of affordable housing and promoting innovative, efficient building techniques.
  • Lets the corporation provide funding, invest in companies, buy and develop land, build housing, and collect data on the housing sector.
  • Authorizes the Minister of Finance to pay out up to $11.5 billion from the Consolidated Revenue Fund to fund the corporation's operations.
  • Caps borrowing from non-government sources at $400 million and requires the Finance Minister's approval before any loan guarantee is issued.
  • Sets up a board of a Chairperson plus 8 to 10 directors, all serving at pleasure with director terms of up to four years; MPs, senators, provincial legislators and undischarged bankrupts cannot serve.
  • Allows the Governor in Council to transfer property and obligations from Canada Lands Company Limited to the corporation and to direct its reorganization, with up to $1.515 billion in related payments.
  • Moves the existing special operating agency called Build Canada Homes into the new corporation, with its Chief Executive Officer staying on for the rest of their term.
  • Requires a review of the Act after five years and every ten years after that, with a report tabled in Parliament within a year; the Act comes into force by order in council.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

C-22 An Act respecting lawful access 42 LPC In progress ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Creates a "confirmation of service demand" letting police require a telecom provider to confirm whether it serves or served a named subscriber, account or identifier, with at least 24 hours to reply.
  • Lets a judge order any company serving the public to hand over "subscriber information" — name, address, phone, email, account numbers, type and period of service, and devices used.
  • Allows a judge to authorize police to send a production request to a foreign telecom or online service for transmission data or subscriber information, with the request to be sent within 30 days.
  • Permits officers, in urgent situations where getting a warrant is impractical, to seize subscriber information or other data without prior judicial approval.
  • Confirms no warrant is needed to receive information given voluntarily or already publicly available, and shields providers from civil or criminal liability for such voluntary disclosures.
  • Sets rules for examining seized computer data: a judge may authorize it in the warrant, attach conditions, and a copy of the warrant must go to the device's owner, with extensions of up to three years possible.
  • Sets deadlines: five business days to challenge a confirmation demand, ten business days to challenge a production order, and a fine of up to $5,000 for ignoring a demand without lawful excuse.
  • Enacts the Supporting Authorized Access to Information Act, requiring electronic service providers to assist authorized access, with ministerial orders, Intelligence Commissioner oversight, inspections, monetary penalties and an annual report; Parts 1 and 2 are subject to parliamentary review.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

C-25 An Act to amend the Canada Elections Act and to enact An Act to change the names of certain electoral districts, 2026 LPC Assented to ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Creates the Strong and Free Elections Act, which amends the Canada Elections Act and renames certain electoral districts at the request of the MPs who represent them.
  • Bars foreign entities — including foreign powers and states as defined in the Foreign Interference and Security of Information Act — from unduly influencing voters, and bans them from giving property, services or funds to a third party for advertising or partisan activities.
  • Extends bans on foreign influence, bribery, intimidation and trickery to party nomination races and leadership races, both inside and outside Canada.
  • Prohibits putting false or misleading information in a nomination paper, and bars an elector from signing the nomination paper of more than one prospective candidate in the same election.
  • Bans parties, associations, candidates and third parties from accepting donations in cryptoassets, money orders or prepaid payment products, requiring them to be returned, destroyed or remitted to the Receiver General within 30 days.
  • Requires registered third parties to pay regulated expenses only with donations from Canadian citizens or permanent residents, unless their total donations equal 10% or less of their previous year's revenue.
  • Requires disclosure of the name, address, amount and date for every donor who gives more than $200, and bans using any contribution when the donor's name and address are unknown.
  • Ties party registration to having a personal information protection policy the Chief Electoral Officer finds compliant, and raises the maximum administrative monetary penalties for certain violations.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

C-26 An Act to authorize certain payments to be made out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund for the purpose of improving housing supply LPC Assented to ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Allows the Minister of Finance to send federal money to the provinces and territories to help improve housing supply.
  • Caps the total of these payments at $1.713 billion.
  • Leaves it to the Minister of Finance to decide how much each province and territory receives.
  • Lets the money be paid straight out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund, the central account holding federal government revenues.
  • Gives the Minister discretion over the timing and manner of the payments.
  • Sets out no conditions, allocation formula or reporting requirements in the text of the bill.
  • Received first reading in the House of Commons on March 26, 2026, introduced by the Minister of Finance and National Revenue with the Governor General's recommendation, which is required for any spending measure.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

C-27 An Act to give effect to the Final Self-Government Agreement for the Tlegohli Got’ine and to make consequential amendments to other Acts LPC In progress ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Brings into force the Final Self-Government Agreement for the Tłegǫ́hłı̨ Got'įnę, signed on September 18, 2025 by The Tlegohli Got'ine Government Incorporated, Canada and the Northwest Territories, and ratified by the Tłegǫ́hłı̨ Got'įnę on March 31, 2025.
  • Declares the Agreement a treaty under sections 25 and 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, and gives it precedence over other federal laws in case of conflict, except against the Sahtu land claim agreement and its settlement Act.
  • Establishes the Tłegǫ́hłı̨ Got'įnę Government as a legal entity with the powers of a natural person, and gives its laws made under the Agreement the force of law.
  • Ends the application of the Indian Act to the Tłegǫ́hłı̨ Got'įnę Government and its citizens once section 4 takes effect, subject to one exception set out in the Agreement.
  • Gives the Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories exclusive jurisdiction to review decisions of the Tłegǫ́hłı̨ Got'įnę Government after internal appeals are exhausted, and requires at least 14 days' notice to the Attorneys General of Canada and the N.W.T. before a court rules on questions about the Agreement.
  • Approves a separate tax treatment agreement, which is not part of the treaty, and adds the Tłegǫ́hłı̨ Got'įnę to the First Nations Goods and Services Tax Act for lands within Tłegǫ́hłı̨ and Settlement Lands.
  • Amends the Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act so the Tłegǫ́hłı̨ Got'įnę Government must be consulted before permits affecting its Settlement Lands are issued, and can give binding written policy directions to the Sahtu Land and Water Board.
  • Sets coming into force by order in council, makes certain parts of the Agreement retroactive to November 20, 2024, and adds the Tłegǫ́hłı̨ Got'įnę Government to the schedule of Bill C-10 if that bill becomes law.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

C-29 An Act to establish the Financial Crimes Agency and to make consequential amendments to certain Acts and regulations 1 LPC In progress ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Creates the Financial Crimes Agency, a specialized federal law enforcement body tasked with investigating serious and complex financial crimes and helping recover proceeds of crime.
  • Places the Agency under the Minister of Finance, with its head office in the National Capital Region and the option to open other offices across Canada.
  • Sets up a Commissioner appointed by the Governor in Council for terms of up to five years, renewable to a maximum of 10 years in total, ranking as a deputy head and acting as a peace officer anywhere in Canada.
  • Lets the Commissioner designate staff as investigations officers or as police officers, with the latter gaining peace officer powers nationwide under criteria set by regulation.
  • Requires the Agency's Commissioner and the RCMP Commissioner to sign an arrangement so the RCMP provides services and assistance to the Agency.
  • Allows the Attorney General of Canada to prosecute financial crimes investigated by the Agency and to issue a "fiat" taking exclusive control of a case in a province, considering factors like cross-border or multi-province offences.
  • Opens the door for anyone to file complaints about the conduct of Agency employees designated as police officers with the Public Complaints and Review Commission.
  • Requires an annual report tabled in Parliament by September 30 each year, with that provision starting one year after royal assent, plus a review of the law after five years.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

C-30 An Act to implement certain provisions of the spring economic update tabled in Parliament on April 28, 2026 5 LPC Assented to ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Raises the annual Labour Mobility Deduction cap for tradespeople from $4,000 to $10,000 and lowers the qualifying distance to 120 km, starting with the 2026 tax year.
  • Makes permanent the capital gains exemption when a business is sold to an employee ownership trust or a worker co-operative, for sales occurring after 2023.
  • Extends Home Buyers' Plan repayment relief through 2032 for withdrawals with a completion date before 2030.
  • Allows a full 100% immediate write-off for eligible greenhouses acquired after November 3, 2025, dropping to 75% in 2030-2031, 55% in 2032-2033 and 0% after 2033.
  • Sets the excise tax on gasoline, aviation gasoline, diesel and aviation fuel at $0.00 from April 20, 2026 to September 7, 2026.
  • Caps the annual alcohol excise duty inflation adjustment at 2% for 2026 and 2027, and halves duty rates on the first 15,000 hectolitres of beer brewed in Canada from April 1, 2026 to March 31, 2028.
  • Lowers Canada Pension Plan contribution rates for employees, employers and the self-employed starting in 2027, and extends extra EI weeks for certain seasonal workers until October 7, 2028, with eligible regions now set by regulation.
  • Requires certain people and businesses to give the Minister of Transport information he considers necessary, lets the Bank of Canada charge assessment fees to entities it oversees, and allows the Governor in Council to register a pesticide for economic or food security reasons even when environmental risks were found unacceptable.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

S-6 A fourth Act to harmonize federal law with the civil law of Quebec and to amend certain Acts in order to ensure that each language version takes into account the common law and the civil law GRO In progress ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Establishes the Federal Law–Civil Law Harmonization Act, No. 4, the fourth in a series prepared by the Department of Justice since the Civil Code of Québec came into force in 1994.
  • Amends 51 federal statutes so that both the English and French versions of each one reflect the civil law (Quebec) and the common law (rest of Canada).
  • Focuses first on the four laws governing financial institutions: the Bank Act, the Cooperative Credit Associations Act, the Insurance Companies Act and the Trust and Loan Companies Act.
  • Inserts missing civil law wording, such as "mandatary" alongside "agent", "hypothec" alongside "mortgage", and "immovable" alongside "real property".
  • Adjusts securities rules to Quebec realities, recognizing notarial wills, letters of verification, and a proxy that is simply signed rather than formally executed.
  • Reaches broad statutes as well, including the Access to Information Act, the Financial Administration Act, the Interpretation Act and the Official Languages Act.
  • Makes related changes to the Canada Business Corporations Act, the Canada Cooperatives Act, the Canada Not-for-profit Corporations Act and the Budget Implementation Act, 2018, No. 1, plus coordinating provisions tied to Bill C-15.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

S-215 An Act respecting National Immigration Month PSG In progress ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Designates November, across Canada and every year, as "National Immigration Month".
  • Creates a short statute that may be cited as the National Immigration Month Act.
  • Aims to recognize immigrants' contributions to Canada's social and cultural development, economic prosperity and global presence.
  • Notes that Canada already marks many days, weeks and months honouring the heritage of diverse communities and ethnic groups.
  • Points to November because National Francophone Immigration Week is already celebrated that month.
  • Also notes that the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act received royal assent on November 1, 2001.
  • Sets out the goal of teaching children and future generations about immigration's role in building Canada.
  • Is purely symbolic: it creates no funding, program or new obligations, and does not make November a holiday.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

C-32 An Act for granting to His Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2027 LPC Assented to ▾

No official summary available for this bill.

C-33 An Act for granting to His Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2027 LPC Assented to ▾

No official summary available for this bill.

C-225 An Act to amend the Criminal Code CPC Assented to ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Creates new criminal offences aimed specifically at intimate partner violence: criminal harassment, uttering threats, assault, assault with a weapon or causing bodily harm, and aggravated assault.
  • Makes the murder of an intimate partner first degree murder, even when it was not planned and deliberate.
  • Sets maximum penalties of 10 years for harassment, threats of death or bodily harm and simple assault, 12 years where a weapon, bodily harm, or choking is involved, and 14 years for aggravated assault.
  • Bars a peace officer from releasing someone arrested for an intimate partner offence if they were convicted of one in the past five years or were already out on a release order for such an offence.
  • Allows a court, at any stage of proceedings, to order an accused detained for seven days for a risk-of-reoffending assessment, on its own motion or at the request of the prosecutor or the intimate partner.
  • Extends the period police may hold seized items from three months to one year, with a maximum cumulative detention of two years.
  • Requires notice within 30 days to the lawful owner of seized property about their right to challenge the detention, while letting courts proceed in private and without notice if notifying the person could jeopardize the investigation.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

C-267 An Act to establish a national framework to promote the durability of electronic products and essential home appliances 1 LPC In progress ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Requires the Minister of Industry to develop a national framework on the durability and repairability of electronic products and essential home appliances sold in Canada, whether made here or imported.
  • Requires that the framework be developed in consultation with provincial officials responsible for consumer protection and, where appropriate, consumer advocacy groups.
  • Defines an essential home appliance as a device meant for regular household use, including for food preservation, cooking, washing, heating or communication.
  • Calls for national standards covering minimum useful life and its labelling, maintenance and repair, availability of replacement parts and for how long, technical documentation, and software support.
  • Requires the framework to spell out the duties owed to consumers by manufacturers, importers and distributors, and to inform Canadians about the new standards.
  • Directs the Minister to discuss possible legislation with the provinces, including industry obligations, inspection mechanisms and penalties for non-compliance.
  • Sets an 18-month deadline after the Act comes into force to produce a report setting out the framework, tabled in Parliament within its first 15 sitting days and posted on the Department of Industry website within 10 days of tabling.
  • Requires a review of how well the framework works within five years of that first report, with a findings-and-recommendations report subject to the same tabling and publication rules.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

C-268 An Act respecting the Spectrum Policy Framework for Canada LPC In progress ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Requires the CRTC to set up, within six months of the Act coming into force, a process to verify the accuracy of mobile coverage data submitted by Canadian carriers.
  • Clarifies that this new process does not limit any powers or duties the CRTC already has under other federal laws.
  • Requires the Minister of Industry to launch a full review of the Spectrum Policy Framework for Canada within 18 months, a document guiding how airwaves are managed that was last updated in 2007.
  • Obliges the Minister to consult telecom providers and licence holders, rural and remote municipalities, Indigenous communities, public safety and emergency services, academic experts and the CRTC.
  • Requires the review report to assess connectivity in rural and remote areas and along numbered roads, address competition issues such as deployment rules and licensing of unused spectrum, and list needed changes to the Framework.
  • Directs the Minister to prioritize connectivity in rural and remote areas and along numbered roads, noting that competition and market forces have so far fallen short.
  • Sets deadlines: the report must be tabled in both Houses within the first 15 sitting days after completion and posted on the Industry Department website within 30 days of tabling.
  • Establishes a follow-up report every five years on how well the Framework is working, including the Minister's conclusions and recommendations.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

C-287 An Act to amend the National Research Council Act CPC In progress ▾
What it does, in plain language
  • Amends the National Research Council Act to require the NRC to publish cost analyses for proposed changes to Canada's national model codes (building, fire, plumbing, energy efficiency).
  • Creates the category of "material housing-related model code proposal": a change that could meaningfully raise home construction costs, stretch out timelines or add red tape, excluding purely editorial or corrective fixes.
  • Requires the NRC to prepare and post a housing cost and impact summary for each such proposal, in both official languages and in an accessible format, as soon as the proposal opens for public review.
  • Requires each summary to include a plain-language explanation, a dollar estimate of added costs for a typical house or representative dwelling, who is expected to pay those costs, and the assumptions and uncertainties behind the numbers.
  • Requires the NRC to name every person who initiated, sponsored or advanced a proposal, along with their committee position, role and institutional affiliation.
  • Creates an online public registry listing the summaries, responsible committees, publication dates and status, plus the combined net cost impact of each new code edition and an annual activity report.
  • States that the NRC must play this role without encroaching on provinces, territories and municipalities, which alone control code adoption, permits, inspections, enforcement and zoning.
  • Provides that if the NRC fails to publish or update these documents, no national model code or provincial, territorial or municipal action based on it becomes invalid.

🤖 AI-generated from the bill’s official text as introduced — may not reflect amendments adopted since.

Votes in the Commons

Every recorded vote — who voted what, and by what margin.
On the “who voted what” detail — the House of Commons publishes each member's name for every recorded (nominal) vote (Yea / Nay / paired). The by-member breakdown above (the "+" button on each row) comes directly from that official source (ourcommons.ca), not an estimate. The party shown next to each name is taken from the current House roster; people who have since left the House appear separately under "Former members".

How to read a vote

Recorded vote

Members vote one by one and each choice is entered in the public record. That is what lets us say exactly who voted what — no interpretation.

Passed is not law

A passed vote clears ONE stage. A bill must pass both chambers and then receive royal assent before it becomes law.

Paired is not absent

In the Commons, two members from opposing sides can agree not to vote: their voices cancel out. It is neither an absence nor an abstention.

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